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Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm. 2017;124(8):901-905. doi:10. 1007/s00702-017-1686-y Peres FF, Lima AC, Hallak JEC, Crippa JA, Silva RH, Abílio VC. Cannabidiol as a Promising Strategy to Treat and Prevent Movement Disorders?. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:482. doi:10. 3389/fphar. 2018.00482 Chagas MH, Eckeli AL, Zuardi AW, et al. Cannabidiol can improve complex sleep-related behaviours associated with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson's disease patients: a case series.

2014;39(5):564-6. doi:10. 1111/jcpt. 12179 Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, Hallak JE, et al. Cannabidiol for the treatment of psychosis in Parkinson's disease. J Psychopharmacol. 2009;23(8):979-83. doi:10. 1177/0269881108096519 Chagas MH, Zuardi AW, Tumas V, et al. Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease: an exploratory double-blind trial. J Psychopharmacol (Oxford).

doi:10. 1177/0269881114550355 Additional Reading Davis Phinney Foundation for Parkinson’s website. New Research, Medications, and CBD for Parkinson’s. Updated November 14, 2018. Dementia Care Central website. CBD: A Natural Remedy that Decreases Symptomatic Behaviors of Parkinson’s Disease? Updated February 26, 2019. Parkinson’s Foundation website. Medical Marijuana. The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research website.

Update May 2, 2018. By Colleen Travers Colleen Travers writes about health, fitness, travel, parenting, and women’s lifestyle for various publications and brands. Thanks for your feedback! What is your feedback? Other Helpful Report an Error .

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of nerve cells in a part of the brain called substantia nigra. This anomaly affects the level of dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter produced in the brain. In addition to serving as a reward center, it also controls many body functions, such as memory, movement, motivation, mood, and attention.

Dopamine deficiency is associated with motor symptoms such as tremors, bradykinesia (slow movement), limb rigidity, balance problems, and postural instability. Cannabidiol, commonly known as CBD, is one of more than 100 chemicals found in the cannabis plant. CBD and THC (delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol) are the two most important cannabinoids. Cannabinoids act on cannabinoid receptors throughout the body and brain, affecting how people feel, move, and react.

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Scientists have published a review study in the that has focussed on various aspects of the use of cannabidiol in Parkinson's. To date, the direct cause of PD is still relatively unknown; however, it is suspected that the disease is caused due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Review: Cannabidiol (CBD) Consideration in Parkinson Disease. ​​​​​​​Image Credit: Creativan / Shutterstock Studies have shown that PD symptoms can develop over the years. Some of the common symptoms associated with lack of dopamine are bradykinesia, tremors, issues with gait, the rigidity of the limb, and postural instability. Additionally, patients with PD also suffer nonmotor symptoms that include depression, sleep disorder, cognitive impairment, constipation, excessive sweating, loss of sense of smell, hallucination, urinary urgency, pain, forgetfulness, and fatigue.

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Previous studies have shown that PD patients also suffer from Lewy body dementia, a rare form of dementia caused by the accumulation of abnormal a-synuclein in substantia nigra neurons. Studies have shown that pharmacologic treatments have been effective in managing the disease's motor symptoms. In addition, these treatments have expanded the life spans of the patients.

However, several side effects involved with the use of dopaminergics further complicate disease management. For instance, dopaminergics might interact with other drugs and elevate non-motor symptoms. Antidepressants, for instance, block dopamine and, therefore, interfere with medications used to treat motor symptoms. Therefore, PD treatment must be adjusted meticulously for each patient.

In addition, studies have shown that ongoing deaths of neurons affect the dopamine level, and hence, there is a high possibility of erratic performance of the drugs. Some of the common nonpharmacologic approaches found to be effective in the earlier stage of PD include exercise therapy and speech therapy. Additionally, deep brain stimulation and cognitive behavior therapy have been found to be helpful when combined with pharmacological treatments.

CBD is a phytoconstituent extracted from Cannabis sativa. Typically, CBD products contain less than 0. 3% of tetrahydrocannabinol to avoid the risk of abuse or dependency. CBD products have been used for neurologic disorders, pain, insomnia, anxiety, headaches, and depression in the USA. Preclinical studies have reported that CBD possesses antipsychotic, anticompulsive, panicolytic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic properties.

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A recent study has also stated that nonmotor symptoms of PD were substantially improved by CBD treatment. Notably, a recent animal model study has reported that CBD exhibited neuroprotective properties in patients with PD by reducing nigrostriatal degeneration and neuroinflammatory responses. This treatment has also improved motor performance. In addition, CBD treatment decreased the depletion of dopamine, provided anti-inflammatory activity, and slowed oxidative stress in animal models Scientists have cautioned against the use of CBD in immunocompromised patients.